Technology Transformation Towards Industry 5.0: Human-Centric Integration, Society 5.0, and a Sustainable Digital Economy

Abstract

This study aims to examine in depth the concepts of Industry 5.0, Society 5.0, and Economy 5.0 through a literature study approach involving scientific articles. Industry 5.0 emphasizes the importance of collaboration between humans and intelligent machines in technology-based production systems, including the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), to achieve greater efficiency, innovation, and long-term sustainability. Society 5.0 supports this transformation by fostering a new, inclusive, and adaptive social order where technology serves to enhance human well-being. At the same time, Economy 5.0 reflects a shift toward a digital economic model that values equity, ethics, and sustainable collaboration across various sectors. The findings indicate that synergy between advanced technology and human-centered values is essential in building resilient industrial and societal ecosystems. Furthermore, the study underlines the urgent need for integrated cross-sectoral strategies, involving government, industry, academia, and communities, to successfully manage a human-oriented digital transition while promoting social justice and inclusive economic growth.