The Role of Digital Assessment and Innovative Learning Models in Developing Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

Abstract

In the digital era, education must not only transfer knowledge but also develop Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). Traditional approaches are often insufficient, making digital assessment and innovative learning crucial. This study employs a qualitative method through a literature review of 14 articles published between 2019 and 2023 to examine their role in fostering HOTS. The findings show that automated digital assessments (e.g., Quizizz, Google Forms, AI-based platforms) increase efficiency, provide real time feedback, and objectively measure analytical, evaluative, and creative skills. Meanwhile, innovative models such as flipped classrooms, project based, and collaborative learning strengthen engagement, reflection, and problem solving. Integrated use of both approaches yields stronger outcomes than when applied separately. However, challenges remain in teacher digital competence, infrastructure, and adaptive platforms. The study concludes that teacher training, digital infrastructure, and supportive policies are key to promoting technology based education that systematically enhances HOTS.