Bureaucratic Reform and Public Governance

Abstract

This study examines the implementation of Law No. 25 of 2009 on Public Services, Law No. 5 of 2014 on the State Civil Apparatus, and Law No. 30 of 2014 on Government Administration as the core legal foundations of bureaucratic reform in Indonesia. Using a case study approach based on online data, the research identifies two major findings: implementation phenomena and structural challenges that shape the effectiveness of policy. Results indicate progress in procedural standardization, merit-based human resource management, transparency through public complaint mechanisms, and the expansion of digital public services. However, these improvements remain uneven due to capacity gaps, organizational cultural resistance, limited technological infrastructure, and weak oversight and enforcement. The analysis highlights the urgency of policy reconstruction that includes institutional capacity-building, regulatory harmonization, inclusive digitalization, leadership strengthening, and the development of performance-based incentives. The study concludes that bureaucratic reform is a long-term process requiring consistent integration of regulatory, technical, and cultural elements. These findings offer insights for designing more responsive and integrity-driven public governance strategies.