Public Resistance and Legitimacy in National Policy Implementation

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness and challenges of public policy implementation within the context of social resistance toward government policies that have wide-ranging impacts. Employing a comparative approach, the research explores the relationship between political legitimacy, legal effectiveness, and public participation in the implementation of legislative frameworks. The analysis was conducted by comparing the alignment between the normative principles contained in legal provisions and the social realities observed during their execution. The findings reveal that policy effectiveness is largely determined by the level of public participation, consistency of implementation, and the government’s capacity to manage transparent political communication. Furthermore, the main challenges lie in the weak intergovernmental coordination, the discrepancy between legal norms and social values, and the emergence of public resistance due to perceptions of policy injustice. The study concludes that participatory, responsive, and legitimacy-oriented governance is essential as a foundational principle for achieving effective and sustainable legal policy implementation in the future