Vulnerable Group Protection in a Human Rights–Based Legal Framework

Abstract

This article examines the effectiveness of national legal frameworks in protecting vulnerable groups by analyzing the Human Rights Act, the Disability Act, and the Child Protection Act. Using a normative juridical approach, the study explores the gap between legal norms and their practical implementation in services, accommodations, and inclusive access to justice. Findings indicate that although these laws provide a strong normative foundation, their effectiveness remains hindered by two major challenges: insufficient institutional capacity and inter-sectoral coordination, as well as persistent stigma and discrimination against vulnerable groups. These challenges directly affect the fulfillment of fundamental rights and the quality of protection received by persons with disabilities, children, and other vulnerable populations. Strengthening implementation is urgent to ensure that legal instruments function not only as declarative commitments but also as operational mechanisms capable of addressing the real needs of vulnerable groups. The study highlights the necessity of structural and social transformation as essential conditions for achieving effective human rights–based protection