International Journal of Government Science and Public Administration
The International Journal of Government Science and Public Administration (IJGSPA) (e-ISSN: 0000-0000; p-ISSN: 0000-0000) is a scientific journal focused on public administration, governance, policy analysis, and government reform. We are proud to announce that International Journal of Government Science and Public Administration has achieved a significant milestone by being officially indexed in SINTA X, under the decree of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia No: xxx/E/KPT/202x. Published by the Fakultas Sosial Ekonomi & Humaniora, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama (UNU) Purwokerto in collabration with the Business, Technology, and Sustainability Research Institute (BTSRI), this journal covers a broad spectrum of research topics, including but not limited to public policy, governmental structures, international relations, political science, civil service reforms, democracy and accountability, local governance, public sector management, e-governance, and government transparency. Articles in this journal are published biannually in January–June and July–December, ensuring the timely dissemination of new research findings and innovative government practices.
Fakultas Sosial Ekonomi & Humaniora, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama (UNU) Purwokerto
Arbitration as Lex Specialis: A Review of Position and Implementation in National Law
This study aims to analyze the position of arbitration as Lex Specialis Derogat Legi Generali (special law overrides general law) in the Indonesian national legal system and review its implementation, particularly in the context of commercial dispute resolution. This Lex Specialis principle grants higher legal force to mutually agreed arbitration provisions compared to general court litigation provisions. Normatively, the position of arbitration is affirmed by Law Number 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and Dispute Resolution Options, which explicitly limits the authority of general courts to interfere in the arbitration process. The implementation of this principle is tested through the practice of court decisions. The results of the review indicate that Indonesian courts, particularly at the cassation and judicial review levels, tend to be consistent in recognizing and enforcing valid arbitration clauses, and rejecting opposing requests that violate the principle of judicial non-intervention. However, there are challenges in its implementation, particularly regarding the interpretation of the objects of dispute that can be arbitrated and the execution of international arbitration awards. In conclusion, arbitration has been recognized as an effective Lex Specialis in resolving commercial disputes in Indonesia, but harmony of interpretation between the arbitration body and the judicial institution remains the key to ensuring legal certainty.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Government Science and Public Administration
Juridical Analysis of National Arbitration Awards and Efforts to Annul Them in the District Court
In principle, national arbitration awards are final and binding, as stipulated in Law Number 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution. However, in practice, many parties continue to file requests with the District Court to annul arbitration awards based on various legal grounds or reasons. This study aims to analyze the legal standing of national arbitration awards, the scope of the District Court’s authority in examining annulment requests, and the legal parameters that can be used as a basis for annulment, as stipulated in Article 70 of the Arbitration Law. This study applies a normative legal approach by analyzing various laws and regulations, court decisions, and legal doctrines. The results indicate that annulment efforts can only be carried out to a limited extent, specifically when false evidence is discovered, documents are concealed, or the decision is based on deception by one of the parties. However, in a number of cases, District Courts often broaden their interpretation of the grounds for annulment, thereby creating legal uncertainty and potentially weakening the principle of finality of arbitration. This study emphasizes the need for consistent application of norms by District Courts to maintain the effectiveness of arbitration as a mechanism.
Limited Public Role and Challenges to Transparency in the Implementation of the State Finance Law
This study analyzes the effectiveness of the implementation of Law Number 17 of 2003 on State Finance in the context of public participation and transparency. The findings indicate that although this law normatively provides a transparent and accountable financial management framework, its implementation still faces two major challenges: the limited role of society in financial oversight and restricted public access to financial information. These issues have implications for weak accountability and delayed detection of budget irregularities. Therefore, strategic measures are needed to strengthen transparency and public participation to ensure that the state financial system becomes more responsive, efficient, and integrity-based. Improving interactive transparency mechanisms, enhancing fiscal literacy, and encouraging inclusive social oversight are essential to realize better public trust and accountability in public financial governance. This study emphasizes that effective financial management requires not only a strong legal framework but also active citizen engagement as a foundation for sustainable good governance.
Public Information Disclosure in Indonesia: Legal Effectiveness and Enforcement Challenges
This research discusses the effectiveness and challenges in implementing Law Number 14 of 2008 concerning Public Information Disclosure in Indonesia amid the absence of strict sanctions for violations of transparency principles. Using a normative juridical method, the study examines the legal substance, institutional mechanisms, and practical implementation of the law across public bodies. The findings indicate that although the UU KIP has expanded citizens’ access to public information and promoted transparency in governance, its effectiveness remains constrained by the lack of binding sanctions and weak enforcement mechanisms. Many public institutions do not comply with their legal obligations to disclose information, and decisions issued by the Information Commission are often ignored without any legal consequences. This situation demonstrates that compliance tends to rely on moral awareness rather than legal deterrence. Therefore, strengthening sanction provisions and reforming enforcement mechanisms are urgently needed to ensure citizens’ constitutional right to information, enhance governmental accountability, and institutionalize transparency as a core value of democratic governance in Indonesia.
Implementation of Law No. 30 of 2014: Between Legal Certainty and the Emptiness of Civil Servant Sanctions
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of implementing Law Number 30 of 2014 on Government Administration in imposing administrative sanctions on Civil Servants, as well as to identify the challenges that arise in its implementation. The findings indicate that, normatively, this law has provided legal certainty and clear administrative guidance through the principles of good governance. However, in practice, the absence of firm administrative sanctions has resulted in weak accountability, legal uncertainty, and declining discipline among civil servants. Internal oversight bodies such as do not possess sufficient legal authority to impose direct sanctions, causing administrative violations to persist without corrective action. These limitations highlight the gap between normative arrangements and administrative practice. Therefore, the refinement of Law Number 30 of 2014 has become urgent to strengthen the effectiveness of administrative law and to support a bureaucracy that is professional, transparent, and integrity-based. Strengthening administrative enforcement mechanisms, enhancing the authority of supervisory bodies, and ensuring consistent application of sanctions are essential steps toward improving governance performance and ensuring higher levels of public sector accountability.
Criminal Law Reform and Social Control in Indonesia’s New Penal Code Era
This study examines the implementation of Law No. 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, and the Pornography Law in shaping mechanisms of social control in modern Indonesia. Using a normative juridical method, the research analyzes the shift in criminal law paradigms from a retributive approach toward a more corrective and restorative system, as well as its implications for individual freedom, public morality, and social stability. The criminal law reform embodied in the 2023 Criminal Code reflects the state’s effort to integrate the values of Pancasila, customary law, and the living law into the national legal system, transforming law from a mere instrument of punishment into a means of social development. The findings show that the implementation of these three laws strengthens the role of both the state and society in regulating social behavior, both in public and digital spaces. However, overlapping norms and moralistic interpretations continue to create legal uncertainty, potential discrimination, and restrictions on freedom of expression. Therefore, criminal law reform must aim to strike a balance between legal certainty, the protection of public morality, and respect for human rights, so that the law can truly function as an instrument of social justice that is humanistic, inclusive, and civilized.
Regulatory–Human Rights Tensions in Indonesia’s Labour Governance
This study examines the conflict between economic regulation and human rights protection in Indonesia’s labor sector, particularly following major reforms under the Labor Law and the Job Creation Law, as well as their amendments up to 2024. Using a normative juridical method, the research evaluates the coherence between legal norms and industrial relations practices and analyzes how labour market flexibilization affects workers’ certainty and protection. Findings indicate persistent implementation challenges, including regulatory inconsistencies, uneven regional application, and limited institutional enforcement capacity. Additionally, emerging forms of work, such as the gig economy, create new layers of vulnerability that remain insufficiently addressed within the existing legal framework. The study highlights the need for regulatory harmonization, stronger labour inspection mechanisms, and updated legal concepts of employment to ensure that economic development goals do not compromise fundamental labour rights. The research addresses two central questions: the implementation of existing labour protection regulations and the specific urgent challenges hindering the alignment of economic policy with human rights obligations.
IKN Relocation and National Development Redistribution
This study analyzes the implementation of Law No. 3 of 2022 on the Nusantara Capital City and its implications for national development redistribution. Using a normative juridical approach, the research examines the alignment between the legal framework for the Nusantara Capital City relocation, the equity-oriented goals outlined in the National Long-Term Development Plan, and decentralization principles within Indonesia’s regional governance system. The findings indicate that the relocation has begun shifting development orientation from Java toward East Kalimantan through increased infrastructure investment, strengthened multi-level governance, and the emergence of new growth centers. However, these redistributive effects remain in the early stages and require consistent policy execution to generate a substantial national impact. The study also identifies two key challenges: limited readiness of basic infrastructure and the risk of social inequality affecting local communities. These challenges are urgent due to their direct influence on project sustainability and national equity objectives. Thus, the success of the Nusantara Capital City relocation ultimately depends on accelerated infrastructure development and strengthened inclusive social protection mechanisms
Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Government Science and Public Administration
Vulnerable Group Protection in a Human Rights–Based Legal Framework
This article examines the effectiveness of national legal frameworks in protecting vulnerable groups by analyzing the Human Rights Act, the Disability Act, and the Child Protection Act. Using a normative juridical approach, the study explores the gap between legal norms and their practical implementation in services, accommodations, and inclusive access to justice. Findings indicate that although these laws provide a strong normative foundation, their effectiveness remains hindered by two major challenges: insufficient institutional capacity and inter-sectoral coordination, as well as persistent stigma and discrimination against vulnerable groups. These challenges directly affect the fulfillment of fundamental rights and the quality of protection received by persons with disabilities, children, and other vulnerable populations. Strengthening implementation is urgent to ensure that legal instruments function not only as declarative commitments but also as operational mechanisms capable of addressing the real needs of vulnerable groups. The study highlights the necessity of structural and social transformation as essential conditions for achieving effective human rights–based protection
Effectiveness of Decentralization and Regulatory Implementation Challenges in Local Governance
This study examines the effectiveness of implementing Law Number 23 of 2014 on Regional Government and Law Number 1 of 2022 on Fiscal Relations between the Central Government and Regional Governments within Indonesia’s decentralization framework. Using a normative juridical method, the research analyzes the consistency, structure, and normative implications of these regulations while identifying key challenges encountered during their implementation. The findings reveal that the effectiveness of decentralization is strongly influenced by the alignment between regulatory complexity and the institutional capacity of local governments. Limitations in human resources, administrative governance, and fiscal management continue to hinder the ability of many regions to translate legal norms into effective policies. Additionally, regulatory inconsistency and overlapping interpretations between national and regional authorities create implementation uncertainty, thereby constraining innovation and regional autonomy. This study highlights the urgent need for strengthened local governance capacity and improved regulatory harmonization to ensure the successful realization of decentralization objectives. Ultimately, enhancing institutional capability and policy coherence is crucial for achieving equitable, effective, and sustainable regional development across Indonesia
Effectiveness of National Regulations in Protecting Sexual Violence Victims
This study analyzes the effectiveness of national regulations in providing comprehensive protection for victims of sexual violence in the era of modern democracy. Through the normative juridical method, the study examined three main laws, namely the Law on the Crime of Sexual Violence, the Law on the Elimination of Domestic Violence, and the Child Protection Law, with a focus on the application of norms and the challenges of their implementation. The results of the study show that the existing legal framework has made significant progress through the expansion of the definition of sexual violence, the recognition of victims’ rights, and the provision of recovery and restitution service mechanisms. However, the effectiveness of implementation is still influenced by various obstacles, such as regulatory disharmony, limited capacity of officials, lack of support services, and socio-cultural barriers that hinder reporting and access to justice. This study emphasizes the urgency of strengthening implementation through regulatory harmonization, institutional capacity building, and improvement of recovery services, so that the goal of victim protection can be achieved substantively. These findings contribute to the development of national policies that are more responsive to the needs of victims.
Institutional Structure and Public Participation in IKN Governance
This study examines the relationship between the institutional structure of the new National Capital City (Ibu Kota Negara) and public participation in governance, focusing on the legal frameworks outlined in Law Number 3 of 2022, Law Number 23 of 2014, and Law Number 25 of 2004. Through a comparative approach, this study assesses how centralized institutional design, operated by the National Capital City Authority, affects the opportunities and limitations of citizen participation in the planning and decision-making process. The findings show that while regulations provide a normative basis for participatory governance, the effectiveness of their implementation is strongly influenced by bureaucratic capacity, cross-agency synchronization, information disclosure, and public access to consultation mechanisms. Challenges such as overlapping authority, inequality of digital access, and weak accountability mechanisms have the potential to reduce the quality of participation. The urgency of handling these challenges is closely related to the need to ensure the legitimacy of National Capital City development and maintain the consistency of democratic governance principles. This research emphasizes that the success of National Capital City governance is not only determined by the power of regulation, but also by institutional commitment to ensuring inclusive and meaningful public participation
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Government Science and Public Administration
Indonesia’s Fiscal Response and Post-Crisis Sustainability
This study examines the effectiveness of Indonesia’s fiscal policy implementation under Statutory Framework No. 2 of 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as its implications for post-crisis accountability and long-term fiscal sustainability. Using a normative juridical approach, the research finds that the extraordinary fiscal measures introduced through this statutory framework played a crucial role in maintaining national economic stability and supporting recovery efforts amid unprecedented shocks. The policy enabled flexible budget reallocation, expanded fiscal space, and accelerated government intervention in strategic sectors. However, several challenges remain, particularly in strengthening governance mechanisms, ensuring transparent oversight, and improving the efficiency of public financial management. These issues highlight the continuing need for reforms in the public finance system. Enhancing digital infrastructure, promoting real-time data transparency, and deepening institutional integration are essential prerequisites for achieving resilient and sustainable fiscal governance in the post-pandemic era. The study underscores that while the statutory emergency measures were effective during the crisis, long-term sustainability
Effectiveness of Spatial and Environmental Regulations for Governance and Social Justice
This study analyzes the effectiveness and challenges of implementing spatial planning and environmental regulations in Indonesia through a normative juridical approach. The main focus is on three laws, namely Law Number 26 of 2007 on Spatial Planning, Law Number 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management, and Law Number 3 of 2022 on the State Capital. These legal instruments reflect the state’s commitment to achieving sustainable development governance and social justice. However, the analysis shows that gaps still exist between legal norms and field implementation. Policy overlaps between regions, weak institutional coordination, and limited legal mechanisms to anticipate ecological and social changes are the main challenges to legal effectiveness. The study also highlights the urgency for more responsive laws to dynamic development contexts, including the need to strengthen adaptive instruments in addressing specific conditions such as environmental degradation, land conflicts, and social impacts from large-scale development. In conclusion, the effectiveness of spatial planning and environmental law depends not only on the quality of regulations but also on governance capacity, public participation, and inter-agency integration in implementation
Public Resistance and Legitimacy in National Policy Implementation
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness and challenges of public policy implementation within the context of social resistance toward government policies that have wide-ranging impacts. Employing a comparative approach, the research explores the relationship between political legitimacy, legal effectiveness, and public participation in the implementation of legislative frameworks. The analysis was conducted by comparing the alignment between the normative principles contained in legal provisions and the social realities observed during their execution. The findings reveal that policy effectiveness is largely determined by the level of public participation, consistency of implementation, and the government’s capacity to manage transparent political communication. Furthermore, the main challenges lie in the weak intergovernmental coordination, the discrepancy between legal norms and social values, and the emergence of public resistance due to perceptions of policy injustice. The study concludes that participatory, responsive, and legitimacy-oriented governance is essential as a foundational principle for achieving effective and sustainable legal policy implementation in the future
Investment Policy and Socio-Economic Transformation of Society
Investment is one of the main instruments in driving economic growth and the change in society's social structure. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of national investment policy in encouraging socio-economic transformation, as well as identifying the challenges and urgency of implementing this policy based on the prevailing legal framework. Employing the normative juridical method, this study examines the legal substance of Law No. 25 of 2007 concerning Investment, Law No. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, and Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government. The analysis is conducted on the effectiveness of implementing legal norms, regulatory efficiency, and their impact on the socio-economic dynamics of society. The research results indicate that national investment policy has positively contributed to economic growth and social mobility, but its effectiveness is still limited by regulatory disharmony, weak institutional governance, and the unequal distribution of economic benefits. The biggest challenges in implementing this policy include the lack of synchronicity between central and regional policies, low bureaucratic capacity, and insufficient integration of social and environmental aspects in the investment process
Dynamics of Legislative Authority and Function in the Contemporary Indonesian Political System
This study discusses the structural and authority changes of the legislative institutions in Indonesia following the revision of Law No. 2 of 2018 concerning the People’s Consultative Assembly (MPR), the House of Representatives (DPR), the Regional Representative Council (DPD), and the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) (UU MD3). Using a normative juridical approach, this research examines the relationship between legal norms and institutional practices after the amendment. The findings indicate that the revision of the UU MD3 has significant implications for the configuration of legislative power but has not fully achieved a balance of functions among institutions. The dominance of the DPR, the limited legislative role of the DPD, and the functional inconsistency of the DPRD at the regional level remain major challenges in implementing the principle of checks and balances. Institutional reconstruction is required to uphold accountability, strengthen regional representation, and improve participatory legislation. This study emphasizes that legislative institutional reform should aim to strengthen a responsive, democratic, and just legal system in accordance with modern constitutional principles
The Effectiveness of Bureaucratic Reform on Public Service Quality in Post-Pandemic Indonesia
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of implementing Law Number 25 of 2009 on Public Services and Law Number 5 of 2014 on the State Civil Apparatus within the context of post-pandemic bureaucratic reform in Indonesia. The research employs a normative juridical method, focusing on the analysis of positive law, academic literature, and government policies related to bureaucratic reform. The study examines how the implementation of both laws has influenced the improvement of public service governance and the professionalism of civil servants in the post-pandemic era. The findings reveal that the enforcement of these laws has contributed significantly to the enhancement of public service standards, the application of merit-based systems, and the acceleration of bureaucratic digitalization. However, the effectiveness of the reform remains constrained by the digital competency gap among civil servants, weak accountability mechanisms, and limited institutional integration. This study emphasizes that accelerating bureaucratic reform is a strategic necessity through improving civil servant competencies, strengthening oversight mechanisms, and expanding digital-based services to ensure that public services operate efficiently, transparently, inclusively, and fairly within the framework of modern governance in the post-pandemic era
Implementation and Challenges of Human Rights Enforcement in Indonesia
This study discusses the implementation of Law No. 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights and Law No. 26 of 2000 concerning Human Rights Courts in the context of human rights enforcement in post-reform Indonesia. The method used is normative juridical with a qualitative descriptive approach that focuses on the analysis of legal norms, academic literature, and institutional reports related to the implementation of the two laws. The results of the study show that the implementation of these two regulations still faces various obstacles, including weak coordination between law enforcement agencies, political intervention in the judicial process, and low public legal awareness of their basic rights. In addition, the lack of synchronization between national law and international legal standards has caused the effectiveness of the human rights justice system to be suboptimal. This research emphasizes that legal reform is needed to strengthen institutional coordination, clarify evidentiary mechanisms, increase the accountability of law enforcement officials, and expand protection for victims. In conclusion, consistent political commitment and systemic reforms are the main prerequisites for the realization of substantive justice and the sustainable promotion of human rights in Indonesia
Implications of the Omnibus Law on Employment and Socio-Economic Structures of Form Socio-Economic Structure
Regulatory reform through Law No. 6 of 2023 on Job Creation introduces substantial changes to Indonesia’s business environment and labor governance. This study employs a normative juridical approach to examine the effectiveness of key provisions within the omnibus law and the main challenges that arise in its implementation, particularly regarding socio-economic structures. The findings indicate that although the law enhances licensing efficiency and labor-market flexibility, its effectiveness is constrained by uneven institutional capacity and inconsistent implementation across regions. Two major challenges identified over the last five years are the growing uncertainty in employment relations and the weak enforcement of labor regulations. While flexibility is intended to strengthen competitiveness, it simultaneously increases worker vulnerability, especially in labor-intensive industries. Furthermore, limited supervisory capacity and misalignment between national and local policies produce inconsistent protection standards. This study concludes that achieving a balance between economic flexibility and worker protection is essential for ensuring that the omnibus law contributes to inclusive and sustainable development
Implementation of the Sexual Violence Law and CEDAW in Human Rights Protection in Indonesia
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning the Crime of Sexual Violence and Law Number 7 of 1984 concerning the Ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women in realizing the protection of human rights and gender equality in Indonesia. This study uses normative juridical methods with conceptual and statutory approaches to assess the conformity of national legal norms to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women international principles. Analysis was carried out on legal policies, institutional effectiveness, and social dynamics that affect the implementation of the two regulations. The results of the study show that the Crime of Sexual Violence Law strengthens victim protection mechanisms, increases public awareness of gender-based violence, and becomes an important instrument in national legal reform. However, its effectiveness is still hampered by the limited capacity of law enforcement officials, weak coordination between institutions, and the influence of patriarchal culture that is still dominant. Therefore, this study emphasizes the need for synergy between legal reform, institutional capacity building, and sustainable social transformation to realize substantive social justice and gender equality in Indonesia
Social Justice Dynamics in the Implementation of the Job Creation Law in the Globalization Era of Form Globalization
This study analyzes the effectiveness of the implementation of Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning Job Creation in ensuring workers’ rights and social welfare amid the demands of global labor market flexibility. The method used is normative juridical, by examining the provisions of labor law, principles of social justice, and academic literature related to labor policy in Indonesia. The results of the study show that although the Job Creation Law is able to improve economic efficiency and strengthen the investment climate, its implementation still faces major challenges in terms of legal protection for workers, especially in the informal sector and the digital economy. In addition, the bargaining position of trade unions is weakening due to the flexible work system that tends to be individualistic. This research emphasizes that national labor policies need to be readjusted to be able to balance economic interests and social justice. It is necessary to strengthen derivative regulations, increase supervisory capacity, and integrate social protection for all types of workers in order to realize a sustainable and fair labor system in the era of globalization
Law No. 23 of 2014: Between Decentralization and Effective Public Services
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of implementing Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Governance and to identify the main challenges in its practical application. Using a normative juridical method, this research examines the alignment between legal norms and their implementation across various public service sectors. The findings indicate that the distribution of authority among the central, provincial, and district/municipal governments has not yet functioned optimally, resulting in overlapping policies and delays in public service delivery. Furthermore, the absence of comprehensive Minimum Service Standards across all sectors contributes to disparities in service quality between regions. The lack of detailed technical guidelines also weakens interinstitutional coordination and reduces the accountability of public services. These conditions demonstrate that the current governance framework requires stronger institutional arrangements to overcome fragmentation and improve administrative performance. Therefore, the formulation of cross-sectoral service standards and the strengthening of regional institutional capacity constitute strategic steps to achieve a more effective, efficient, and citizen
Normative Juridical Study on the Effectiveness of Law No. 31 of 1999 in Eradicating Corruption and Regulating Asset Confiscation
This study examines the effectiveness of the Statute Number 31 of 1999 on the Eradication of Corruption Crimes in generating a genuine deterrent effect and analyzes its main weakness in regulating asset confiscation. Using a normative juridical approach, the research focuses on the substantive norms contained in the statute and their implementation by law enforcement institutions. The findings indicate that although the statute strengthens the legal framework through severe criminal penalties and the adoption of a reverse burden of proof, its overall effectiveness remains limited. The absence of a comprehensive mechanism for asset recovery allows offenders to retain economic benefits derived from corruption, even after conviction. This condition weakens the deterrent effect, undermines public trust in the justice system, and restricts the state’s ability to restore financial losses. Therefore, strengthening asset confiscation regulations both through criminal and non-conviction-based mechanisms is urgently required to ensure that anti-corruption efforts are not only repressive but also restorative, ultimately promoting substantive justice for society
The Implementation of the Omnibus Law in Law Number 13 of 2022 Impact on Democracy in Indonesia
This study examines the application of the omnibus law method within the framework of Law Number 13 of 2022 on the Formation of Legislative Regulations and its implications for effectiveness, transparency, public participation, as well as the principles of democracy and checks and balances in Indonesia. Using a normative juridical method, the research analyzes legal norms and the technocratic practices that shape contemporary lawmaking. The findings indicate that the omnibus law method succeeds in improving regulatory efficiency and synchronization by simplifying fragmented norms into a unified framework. However, this efficiency comes with significant drawbacks, particularly the reduction of transparency and the narrowing of meaningful public participation. The legislative process becomes increasingly dominated by the government and parliament, while civil society faces limited space for deliberation. Furthermore, the imbalance between legislative speed and democratic legitimacy raises concerns regarding legal accountability and the quality of policymaking. Therefore, strengthening oversight mechanisms, improving information transparency, and ensuring substantial public participation are essential to safeguarding the integrity of the national legal system
Effectiveness of Law No. 21/2011 and OJK’s Challenges in the Digital Finance Era
This study analyzes the effectiveness of the implementation of Law Number 21 of 2011 concerning the Financial Services Authority in strengthening financial sector supervision and consumer protection, while identifying key challenges and their urgency amid the dynamics of the digital economy. Using a normative juridical method with conceptual and statutory approaches, this research examines the practical effectiveness of the legal framework governing national financial supervision. The findings show that the implementation of the law has established an essential foundation for an integrated supervisory system; however, its execution still faces institutional capacity limitations, growing systemic risks, and insufficient levels of accountability and transparency. In addition, rapid advancements in financial technology have created a pressing need for digital-based supervisory mechanisms and adaptive regulations capable of responding to emerging market complexities. The urgency of strengthening governance, enhancing inter-institutional coordination, and improving consumer protection has become increasingly critical for ensuring financial system stability. These efforts are also necessary for reinforcing public trust in the national financial services sector in the modern era
Effectiveness and Challenges in Governing Indonesia’s Nusantara Capital
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of Law Number 3 of 2022 concerning the State Capital in establishing efficient and adaptive central government governance, as well as to identify the main challenges in its institutional implementation. Using a normative juridical approach, the study finds that the establishment of the Nusantara Capital Authority as the primary executing institution has been a strategic step in developing a new governance framework that is digitally-based, integrated, and sustainable. Nevertheless, its effectiveness faces several institutional challenges, including inter-agency coordination, bureaucratic capacity, and fiscal sustainability. The urgency of addressing these challenges lies in the need to strengthen accountability, institutional stability, and public participation to ensure that governance reforms in the align with the national development vision. This research highlights the critical importance of harmonizing institutional functions and optimizing governance mechanisms to achieve long-term sustainable development objectives, while maintaining efficiency and adaptability in managing the new capital city
Political Economy in the Management of Natural Resources in Indonesia
This study explores the political–economic relationship in Indonesia’s natural resource management, focusing on three major legal frameworks: Law No. 4/2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining, Law No. 41/1999 on Forestry, and Law No. 32/2009 on Environmental Protection and Management. Using a descriptive qualitative method, this research investigates the complex interaction between political power, economic interests, and environmental governance through an online literature review of the last five years. The findings reveal that, although these laws establish a relatively strong regulatory foundation, their implementation remains constrained by overlapping regulations, weak law enforcement, and institutional fragmentation at both central and local levels. Moreover, the study highlights persistent issues of rent-seeking behavior, limited community participation, and the dominance of short-term economic agendas over ecological justice. It emphasizes the urgency of harmonizing policies, strengthening institutional coordination, and reinforcing transparency to achieve sustainable governance. Ultimately, effective natural resource management in Indonesia depends on a political commitment that prioritizes environmental integrity, social justice, and long-term national welfare over short-term profit motives.
Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Government Science and Public Administration
Disaster Governance Models within the National Regulatory Framework
This article examines disaster governance by analyzing the interaction between regulatory frameworks and institutional practices, with particular emphasis on Law No. 24 of 2007 on Disaster Management, which serves as the primary national legal foundation. Using a literature-based approach, the study explores how regulatory mandates are translated within a decentralized system, especially in terms of coordination, institutional capacity, and the integration of mitigation into spatial planning. The findings reveal that although Law No. 24/2007 provides a comprehensive formal structure, its implementation remains constrained by disparities in local capacity, uneven resource allocation, and insufficient cross-sectoral harmonization. Moreover, the absence of integrated risk information systems and limited participatory mechanisms hinders efforts to reduce community vulnerability in a sustainable manner. These results underscore the need for policy reconstruction that prioritizes adaptive governance, strengthens institutional competencies, and enhances central–local synergy to ensure that the regulatory framework effectively contributes to improving disaster resilience.
Bureaucratic Reform and Public Governance
This study examines the implementation of Law No. 25 of 2009 on Public Services, Law No. 5 of 2014 on the State Civil Apparatus, and Law No. 30 of 2014 on Government Administration as the core legal foundations of bureaucratic reform in Indonesia. Using a case study approach based on online data, the research identifies two major findings: implementation phenomena and structural challenges that shape the effectiveness of policy. Results indicate progress in procedural standardization, merit-based human resource management, transparency through public complaint mechanisms, and the expansion of digital public services. However, these improvements remain uneven due to capacity gaps, organizational cultural resistance, limited technological infrastructure, and weak oversight and enforcement. The analysis highlights the urgency of policy reconstruction that includes institutional capacity-building, regulatory harmonization, inclusive digitalization, leadership strengthening, and the development of performance-based incentives. The study concludes that bureaucratic reform is a long-term process requiring consistent integration of regulatory, technical, and cultural elements. These findings offer insights for designing more responsive and integrity-driven public governance strategies.