Analysis of the Application of Restorative Justice in Gender-Based Violence in Indonesia

Abstract

This study analyzes the application of Restorative Justice (RJ) to Gender-Based Violence (GBV) in Indonesia through a literature review of academic publications. The findings reveal that, although RJ is normatively included in law enforcement policies, there is no specific technical regulation governing its application to GBV cases. Key challenges affecting RJ’s effectiveness include imbalanced power relations, a deeply rooted patriarchal culture, and insufficient training for law enforcement and related apparatus. Despite these obstacles, the literature highlights RJ’s positive potential in supporting victim recovery and encouraging behavioral change in perpetrators. This potential, however, depends heavily on applying RJ with a victim-centered approach and strong victim protection mechanisms. The study concludes that RJ can serve as a valuable complementary alternative to the formal criminal justice system for handling child sexual abuse cases in Indonesia. Nevertheless, to ensure substantive justice for victims, RJ requires clear regulations, effective supervision, and coordinated support across multiple sectors. These measures are essential to maximize RJ’s benefits and address the unique complexities of GBV cases in the Indonesian context.