Implementation of Green Constitution in Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development in Indonesia

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the implementation of the Green Constitution in environmental protection and sustainable development in Indonesia. This concept is based on Article 28H paragraph (1) and Article 33 paragraph (4) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia which affirms the right to a good and healthy environment as well as the principle of environmentally sound development. This research uses a literature study method by examining primary legal sources such as the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Law Number 32 of 2009, as well as various related regulations, and examining secondary literature from scientific articles, books, and official reports. The results of the study show that although Indonesia already has a strong Green Constitution framework, its implementation still faces obstacles in the form of weak law enforcement, overlapping regulations, lack of supervisory capacity, resistance from industry players, and low public awareness. To optimize its implementation, it is necessary to harmonize policies across sectors, strengthen institutional capacity, increase green investment incentives, and widen community participation. With these steps, the Green Constitution can function as an effective instrument in maintaining a balance between economic progress, social justice, and environmental sustainability.