Regulation and Challenges of Enforcing the Supremacy of Law in Indonesia: A Normative Juridical Analysis

Abstract

The supremacy of law is a fundamental principle affirmed in Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution (Undang-Undang Dasar 1945/UUD 1945), stating that “The State of Indonesia is a state based on law.” This principle places law as the highest authority in national and state life, ensuring that all actions of the state and its citizens are subject to the law. However, reality reveals a gap between the concept and its implementation. Corruption, political intervention in the judiciary, and low public legal awareness are indicators of weak law enforcement. These weaknesses directly impact democracy, human rights protection, political stability, and public trust. This research employs a normative juridical method by examining statutory regulations, legal doctrines, and relevant court decisions. The analysis shows the need to strengthen the integrity of legal institutions, enhance the legal culture of society, and implement consistent institutional reforms. These efforts are expected to realize the state’s goals of justice, prosperity, and sovereignty as mandated by the constitution.