International Journal of Law and Social Development
type: channel
description: The International Journal of Law and Social Development (e-ISSN: 0000-0000; p-ISSN: 0000-0000) is a scientific journal dedicated to research in law, legal studies, and social development. We are proud to announce that International Journal of Law and Social Development has achieved a significant milestone by being officially indexed in SINTA X, under the decree of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia No: xxx/E/KPT/202x. Published by the Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA) in collabration with the Business, Technology, and Sustainability Research Institute (BTSRI), this journal encompasses a broad range of research topics, including but not limited to constitutional law, human rights, legal reform, environmental law, social justice, public policy, economic law, criminal law, international law, and the role of law in sustainable development. Articles in this journal are published biannually in January–June and July–December, ensuring the timely dissemination of new research findings and legal analyses.
publisher: Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA)
language: en
publication name: International Journal of Law and Social Development
items: The Role of International Law in Governing Global Artificial Intelligence and Its Implications for Indonesia
items: E-Planning and E-Budgeting Policies in Realized Transparency of Regional Financial Management in Bangkalan Regency
items: Moving the Wheels of Literacy: Bangkalan Literacy Building Innovation (Banglabang) in Building a Reading Culture in the Bangkalan Regency Community
items: Due Process Paradigm in the Comparison of Old and New Indonesian Criminal Procedure Codes
items: Legal Compliance as a Basic Human Need in Achieving Order and Justice
items: Tension Between Central and Regional Authority: A Normative Legal Analysis Post-Job Creation Law
items: The Role of State Administration in Implementing the Principles of the Rule of Law in Indonesia
items: Regulation and Challenges of Enforcing the Supremacy of Law in Indonesia: A Normative Juridical Analysis
items: Citizens Constitutional Rights to Access Public Information in the Era of Digital Government
items: Implementation of the Principles of Fast, Simple, and Low-Cost Justice During the New Normal Adaptation Period
items: The Role of Law in Maintaining Social Order and Achieving Social Justice in Indonesia
items: Public Policy Implementation and Social Justice in Indonesia: Challenges, Governance Gaps, and Reform Strategies
items: Strengthening Human Rights Protection in Indonesia: Integrated Legal Reforms, Institutional Empowerment, and Public Participation
items: Transparency and Accountability of Public Administration in Smart City Implementation
items: Transformation of the Indonesian Legal System: Challenges, Opportunities, and Innovations Based on Public Participation
items: Strengthening Consumer Protection in Indonesia’s E-Commerce: Legal Framework, Cyber Security, and Sustainable Digital Trust
items: The Role of Law in Inclusive Development and the Protection of Collective Rights
items: The Role of Legal Institutions in Supporting Public Welfare
items: Legal Protection for Vulnerable Groups Amidst the Socio-Economic Crisis
items: The Role of Legal Institutions in Encouraging Social Innovation
items: Sustainable Governance in the Face of Global Challenges: Legal and Sustainable Development Perspectives
items: Implementation of Green Constitution in Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development in Indonesia
items: Constitutional Right to Personal Data Protection in the Era of Internet of Everything (IoE)
items: The Role of Fintech in the Transformation of Digital Financial Services: Regulation and Challenges in Indonesia
items: Digital Transformation of Criminal Justice in Indonesia: Urgency and Challenges of Implementation
items: Criminal Policy in Countering Cybercrime Based on Quantum Computing
items: Analysis of the Application of Restorative Justice in Gender-Based Violence in Indonesia
items: Integration of Public Policy in Indonesian Legal Politics: A Sustainable Democracy Perspective
items: Economic Inequality as a Human Rights Violation: An International Perspective Analysis
items: Digital Governance in Indonesia: Benefits, Challenges, and Strengthening Strategies in Realizing Good Governance

The Role of International Law in Governing Global Artificial Intelligence and Its Implications for Indonesia
type: item
description: The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has generated complex legal and ethical challenges at the global level, particularly concerning the protection of human rights. In the absence of a binding international treaty governing AI, international law has increasingly relied on soft law instruments and existing human rights frameworks to establish normative standards for AI governance. This article examines the role of international law in shaping global AI governance and analyzes its implications for Indonesia. Employing a normative juridical research method with statutory and conceptual approaches, this study analyzes the UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the OECD Principles on Artificial Intelligence, supported by relevant legal scholarship. The findings show that international law functions as a normative foundation that legitimizes ethical principles, human rights safeguards, and state responsibility in AI governance. Furthermore, the study identifies normative and institutional challenges faced by Indonesia in aligning national legal frameworks with international AI governance standards.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Global Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Rights
  topic: keywords
subject: Indonesia
  topic: keywords
subject: International Law
  topic: keywords
creator: Himarani Hidayatulloh Yudhomiranti
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Law and Social Development
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 154
ending page: 168

E-Planning and E-Budgeting Policies in Realized Transparency of Regional Financial Management in Bangkalan Regency
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the implementation of e-planning and e-budgeting policies in improving transparency in regional financial management in Bangkalan Regency. The background of this study is based on the demand for public sector reform that emphasizes efficiency, accountability, and openness of public information in governance practices. This research employed a qualitative approach with a case study method at the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency of Bangkalan Regency. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation review of planning and budgeting policy documents. The results show that the implementation of e-planning and e-budgeting contributes to better alignment between planning and budgeting stages, reduces the potential for data manipulation, and increases public access to budget information. However, the discussion also reveals that the effectiveness of these policies remains constrained by limitations in human resource capacity, network stability, and system update consistency. The conclusion of this research emphasizes that optimizing the implementation of e-planning and e-budgeting requires strengthening technical training, establishing standardized operational procedures, and developing leadership commitment to encourage a culture of transparency within the local government environment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: E-Budgeting
  topic: keywords
subject: E-Planning
  topic: keywords
subject: Regional Finance
  topic: keywords
subject: Transparency
  topic: keywords
creator: Satunggale Kurniawan
creator: Lintang Dewi Sukmana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Law and Social Development
date: 2026-01-24
publication date: 2026-01-24
starting page: 113
ending page: 125

Moving the Wheels of Literacy: Bangkalan Literacy Building Innovation (Banglabang) in Building a Reading Culture in the Bangkalan Regency Community
type: item
description: One of the key innovations of the Bangkalan Regency Library and Archives Service is Bangkalan Literacy Building (BangLaBang). This innovation integrates mobile library car visits with the socialization of reading culture across all levels of society in Bangkalan Regency. BangLaBang serves as a strategic medium for developing a culture of reading, particularly among students. Through mobile library activities, students gain access to diverse reading materials, which increases their enthusiasm for reading and allows them to broaden their knowledge. This program aims to strengthen reading culture among students and the wider community. Based on the 2022 Reading Enthusiasm Level (TGM) survey conducted by the Bangkalan Regency Library and Archives Service in collaboration with Airlangga University, Bangkalan Regency achieved a TGM index of 67.02, categorized as high and ranked fifth in East Java. To further improve this achievement, DISPUSIP Bangkalan continues to implement BangLaBang strategies, including the introduction of the E_Becah digital book application and Book Reading Spots, to sustainably foster a culture of reading.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bangkalan Regency
  topic: keywords
subject: Banglabang Innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: Culture of Reading
  topic: keywords
subject: Movement Literacy
  topic: keywords
creator: Satunggale Kurniawan
creator: Anik Susanti
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Law and Social Development
date: 2026-01-24
publication date: 2026-01-24
starting page: 97
ending page: 112

Due Process Paradigm in the Comparison of Old and New Indonesian Criminal Procedure Codes
type: item
description: The reform of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) is a fundamental urgency in dealing with social changes, technological advances, and the dynamics of Indonesian political-legal affairs. The 1981 Criminal Procedure Code, which was once considered a masterpiece, now has limitations in responding to modern crimes, electronic evidence, and increasing demands for human rights protection. Through a normative juridical approach and a comparative analysis between the old Criminal Procedure Code and the Criminal Procedure Bill, this study highlights important changes such as the affirmation of the mechanism of coercion, the strengthening of the rights of suspects and victims, the standardization of wiretapping, and the integration of the criminal justice system. This reform not only adjusts to technological developments and the Constitutional Court decision Number 21/PUU-XII/2014, but also ensures synchronization with the new Criminal Code that takes effect in 2026. In addition, there is a paradigm shift from a retributive model to restorative justice that emphasizes restoration and dialogue. The reform of the Criminal Code is expected to strengthen accountability, judicial efficiency, and legal certainty, while demanding strict supervision so as not to cause power imbalances in its implementation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Criminal Justice Reform
  topic: keywords
subject: KUHAP
  topic: keywords
subject: New Criminal Code
  topic: keywords
subject: The Old Criminal Code
  topic: keywords
creator: Moch. Gufron Fajar Rezki
creator: Muhammad Alief Nur
creator: Natasya Avrilia Anggraini
creator: Rahma Kuvita Wulandari
creator: Ahmad Heru Romadhon
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Law and Social Development
date: 2026-01-24
publication date: 2026-01-24
starting page: 138
ending page: 153

Legal Compliance as a Basic Human Need in Achieving Order and Justice
type: item
description: This study aims to interpret legal compliance as a manifestation of humans basic needs for order and justice through normative legal research, conceptual, and statutory approaches. Normative legal research was chosen because the study focuses on positive legal norms, principles of justice, and theoretical concepts of legal compliance, while the conceptual and statutory approaches are used to analyze philosophical ideas, psychological and sociological motivations, as well as legal regulations governing public Compliance. Data collection was conducted through a literature​ review of primary and secondary legal sources, analyzed using qualitative descriptive-interpretative methods. The results indicate that legal compliance is not merely an act of following rules but a reflection of humans ‘ need for security, order, and social certainty, which plays a role in creating order and ensuring justice. Voluntary and conscious legal compliance becomes the foundation for establishing a stable, harmonious, and just social order.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Basic Human Needs
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Compliance
  topic: keywords
subject: Order and Justice
  topic: keywords
creator: Natasya Avrilia Anggraini
creator: Moch. Gufron Fajar Rezki
creator: Bambang Panji Gunawan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Law and Social Development
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 126
ending page: 137

Tension Between Central and Regional Authority: A Normative Legal Analysis Post-Job Creation Law
type: item
description: Regional autonomy in Indonesia is guaranteed by Article 18 of the 1945 Constitution (Undang-Undang Dasar 1945/UUD 1945), granting the widest possible authority for regions to regulate and manage their own affairs, except for matters under the authority of the central government. Law No. 23 of 2014 regulates the division of governmental affairs into absolute, concurrent, and general categories. However, the dominance of central technical regulations, multiple interpretations of concurrent affairs, and limited regional participation often hinder policy innovation at the local level. Following the enactment of Law No. 11 of 2020 on Job Creation, regional authority in licensing, spatial planning, and other strategic sectors has been significantly reduced. The lack of synchronized coordination across governmental levels frequently results in project delays and potential social conflicts. This study employs a normative juridical method to analyze central–regional dynamics, assess power imbalances, and formulate recommendations for strengthening regional autonomy. Findings highlight the need for binding coordination mechanisms and clearer regulations to maintain a balance between central government effectiveness and regional independence.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Autonomy
  topic: keywords
subject: Decentralization
  topic: keywords
subject: Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Interpretation
  topic: keywords
subject: Power Relations
  topic: keywords
creator: Bernard Naingolan
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 author(s)
date: 2024-12-30
publication date: 2024-12-30
starting page: 165
ending page: 183

The Role of State Administration in Implementing the Principles of the Rule of Law in Indonesia
type: item
description: State administration plays a strategic role in upholding the principles of the rule of law in Indonesia, as mandated by the 1945 Constitution (Undang-Undang Dasar 1945/UUD 1945) and its implementing regulations. This study aims to analyze the role of state administration from a legal perspective, highlighting its historical development, strategic position within the framework of the rule of law, and the challenges faced in implementing the principles of administrative law. Although a comprehensive legal framework is already in place, its implementation remains hindered by complex bureaucracy, low legal awareness among the public, and political interference. This research employs a normative juridical method, examining statutory regulations and administrative law doctrines, and comparing them with their application in governmental practice. The findings indicate the necessity of bureaucratic reform, capacity building for public officials, and strengthening public participation. An approach that integrates legal analysis with administrative practice is considered essential to achieving effective, transparent, and accountable governance in line with the principles of a just rule of law.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Administrative Law
  topic: keywords
subject: Good Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Indonesia
  topic: keywords
subject: Normative Juridical
  topic: keywords
subject: State Administration
  topic: keywords
creator: B. F. Sihombing
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 author(s)
date: 2024-12-30
publication date: 2024-12-30
starting page: 147
ending page: 164

Regulation and Challenges of Enforcing the Supremacy of Law in Indonesia: A Normative Juridical Analysis
type: item
description: The supremacy of law is a fundamental principle affirmed in Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution (Undang-Undang Dasar 1945/UUD 1945), stating that “The State of Indonesia is a state based on law.” This principle places law as the highest authority in national and state life, ensuring that all actions of the state and its citizens are subject to the law. However, reality reveals a gap between the concept and its implementation. Corruption, political intervention in the judiciary, and low public legal awareness are indicators of weak law enforcement. These weaknesses directly impact democracy, human rights protection, political stability, and public trust. This research employs a normative juridical method by examining statutory regulations, legal doctrines, and relevant court decisions. The analysis shows the need to strengthen the integrity of legal institutions, enhance the legal culture of society, and implement consistent institutional reforms. These efforts are expected to realize the state’s goals of justice, prosperity, and sovereignty as mandated by the constitution.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: 1945 Constitution
  topic: keywords
subject: Indonesia
  topic: keywords
subject: Law Enforcement
  topic: keywords
subject: Rule Of Law
  topic: keywords
subject: Supremacy Of Law
  topic: keywords
creator: Gamal Abdul Nasir
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 author(s)
date: 2024-12-30
publication date: 2024-12-30
starting page: 128
ending page: 146

Citizens Constitutional Rights to Access Public Information in the Era of Digital Government
type: item
description: The constitutional right of citizens to access public information is a fundamental element of democratic principles and transparent governance. In the era of digital government, public information disclosure has become increasingly important alongside the use of information technology to expand access, enhance citizen participation, and strengthen government accountability. This literature study aims to analyze the development of regulations, implementation, and challenges faced by Indonesia in safeguarding this constitutional right amid the digital transformation of governance. The review examines scholarly articles published in the last five years, both national and international, focusing on public information disclosure, e-government, and citizen participation. Findings indicate that although digitalization has expanded access to information, barriers such as the digital divide, limited literacy, and bureaucratic resistance remain significant challenges. The study’s implications highlight the need for strengthening legal frameworks, developing infrastructure, and implementing digital literacy strategies to ensure that citizens’ constitutional rights are genuinely upheld.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Constitutional Rights
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Government
  topic: keywords
subject: E-Government
  topic: keywords
subject: Openness
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Information
  topic: keywords
creator: Ramisa Jahan
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 author(s)
date: 2024-12-30
publication date: 2024-12-30
starting page: 108
ending page: 127

Implementation of the Principles of Fast, Simple, and Low-Cost Justice During the New Normal Adaptation Period
type: item
description: The principles of fast, simple, and low-cost justice represent fundamental values that ensure the realization of effective and efficient access to justice for all community members. The period of adaptation to new habits, which emerged as a transitional phase following restrictions on physical interactions, has driven substantial transformations in judicial procedures. These include the accelerated adoption of information technology, the introduction of electronic court systems, online hearings, and various innovations in legal service delivery. This study employs a literature review method, drawing on scholarly works published last five years, to examine how these principles are implemented in the current judicial context. The findings reveal that while significant progress has been made, multiple challenges persist, including technological infrastructure gaps, limited human resource competencies, and varying levels of digital literacy among users. At the same time, the transition opens strategic opportunities to enhance procedural efficiency. Technology integration, adaptive regulations, and inter-agency synergy emerge as crucial strategies to sustain modernization within the justice system.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Indonesian Legal System
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Pluralism
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Policy Innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Participation
  topic: keywords
creator: Setiyowati
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 author(s)
date: 2024-12-30
publication date: 2024-12-30
starting page: 90
ending page: 107

The Role of Law in Maintaining Social Order and Achieving Social Justice in Indonesia
type: item
description: The role of law in maintaining social order and achieving social justice in Indonesia is both fundamental and strategic. Normatively, the Indonesian legal system is grounded in the 1945 Constitution, particularly Article 27 paragraph (1), and the fifth principle of Pancasila, which guarantee equality before the law and social justice for all citizens. However, in practice, significant gaps exist between legal norms and their implementation. Law often favors powerful and influential groups, while marginalized communities face difficulties accessing justice. Barriers such as high litigation costs, lengthy legal procedures, and limited legal aid exacerbate inequalities. Furthermore, cultural factors, including low legal awareness and tolerance of corrupt practices, undermine law enforcement. Strengthening institutional integrity, improving human resources, and expanding public legal education are crucial to bridging these gaps. Comprehensive legal reform, coupled with effective enforcement and citizen engagement, is essential for law to function as an instrument of social order and justice, ensuring that the constitutional mandate of equitable social justice is realized in practice across Indonesian society.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Access to Justice
  topic: keywords
subject: Barriers
  topic: keywords
subject: Equality
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Reform
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Justice
  topic: keywords
creator: Hidayati
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 author(s)
date: 2023-12-30
publication date: 2023-12-30
starting page: 165
ending page: 180

Public Policy Implementation and Social Justice in Indonesia: Challenges, Governance Gaps, and Reform Strategies
type: item
description: This study examines the challenges in implementing public policies aimed at achieving social justice in Indonesia, despite the nation’s strong ideological and constitutional foundations. Persistent issues such as high unemployment, poverty, and social-economic inequality remain significant obstacles. Limited employment opportunities, particularly in rural and underdeveloped regions, are compounded by the impacts of global economic fluctuations, inflation, and crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health problems, often overlooked in policy planning, further hinder societal well-being and productivity. Internal governance weaknesses, including poor inter-agency coordination, corruption, and inaccurate data, contribute to ineffective policy implementation and misallocation of resources. From a normative juridical perspective, there is a clear gap between constitutional mandates, such as those enshrined in Articles 27(2) and 33 of the 1945 Constitution, and actual practice. The study concludes that reducing socio-economic inequality requires governance reform, enhanced state capacity, stronger oversight mechanisms, and active public participation to ensure evidence-based, equitable, and sustainable policy outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Constitution
  topic: keywords
subject: Corruption
  topic: keywords
subject: Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Inequality
  topic: keywords
subject: Unemployment
  topic: keywords
creator: Agus Sugiarto
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 author(s)
date: 2023-12-30
publication date: 2023-12-30
starting page: 148
ending page: 164

Strengthening Human Rights Protection in Indonesia: Integrated Legal Reforms, Institutional Empowerment, and Public Participation
type: item
description: This article discusses comprehensive strategies to bridge the gap between normative frameworks and the practical implementation of human rights (HR) protection in Indonesia. It emphasizes the need for thorough legal reform, including updating outdated regulations, harmonizing overlapping laws, and revising potentially misused legislation such as the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik/UU ITE). Strengthening the judiciary is highlighted as essential, with a focus on enhancing the capacity of judges, prosecutors, and law enforcement officers while safeguarding judicial independence from political interference. Empowering human rights institutions, particularly by expanding the mandate of the Human Rights (Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia /Komnas HAM) and revitalizing the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, is considered vital to addressing both current and past violations. Furthermore, public empowerment through education and digital participation is encouraged to promote accountability and awareness. Transform human rights protection from rhetoric into tangible realities accessible to all segments of society.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Accountability
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Rights
  topic: keywords
subject: Judicial Reform
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Framework
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Empowerment
  topic: keywords
creator: Anita Kamilah
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 author(s)
date: 2023-12-30
publication date: 2023-12-30
starting page: 129
ending page: 147

Transparency and Accountability of Public Administration in Smart City Implementation
type: item
description: The advancement of the smart city concept increasingly demands the integration of transparency and accountability principles within public administration to enhance service quality, strengthen governance, and foster active citizen participation. Transparency facilitates open access to public information and real-time data availability, enabling stakeholders to monitor government activities and decision-making processes. Accountability ensures that service providers have clear, measurable, and enforceable mechanisms of responsibility, thereby safeguarding the integrity of public services. This study aims to examine how these two principles are implemented within public administration in Indonesian cities that have adopted the smart city framework. Employing a literature review approach, this research analyzed peer-reviewed articles from national and international journals indexed in Google Scholar, published last five years. The findings reveal that transparency and accountability significantly contribute to building public trust, expediting administrative processes, and reducing the likelihood of misuse of authority. Nevertheless, persistent challenges include insufficient digital infrastructure, bureaucratic resistance, and low levels of digital literacy.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Accountability
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Administration
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Service
  topic: keywords
subject: Smart City
  topic: keywords
subject: Transparency
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammad Ryan Bakry
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 author(s)
date: 2023-12-30
publication date: 2023-12-30
starting page: 111
ending page: 128

Transformation of the Indonesian Legal System: Challenges, Opportunities, and Innovations Based on Public Participation
type: item
description: The Indonesian legal system is the result of a blend between customary law, religious law, and European law, which has continuously evolved from the pre-colonial era to the independence period. This development presents complex challenges, including legal pluralism, overlapping regulations, and the need for adaptation to social, economic, and technological changes. In Yogyakarta, for instance, legal pluralism and societal dynamics demand a more responsive and participatory legal system. The gap between regulations and societal needs highlights the necessity of integrating technology into legal processes and developing policies based on public participation. This study emphasizes the importance of assisting policymakers in understanding effective innovative mechanisms through public consultations, the use of technology, and effective communication. Using a normative approach, this research analyzes the legal framework, implementation challenges, and opportunities for legal innovation in Indonesia. The findings indicate that integrating technology and enhancing public participation can strengthen transparency, accountability, and the relevance of the legal system in meeting societal needs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Indonesian Legal System
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Pluralism
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Policy Innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Participation
  topic: keywords
creator: Daeng Ayub
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 author(s)
date: 2023-12-30
publication date: 2023-12-30
starting page: 93
ending page: 110

Strengthening Consumer Protection in Indonesia’s E-Commerce: Legal Framework, Cyber Security, and Sustainable Digital Trust
type: item
description: The rapid growth of e-commerce in Indonesia has significantly influenced economic development and transformed consumer behavior, while simultaneously creating new challenges in consumer protection. Issues such as aggressive marketing, information uncertainty, personal data breaches, and cybercrime have highlighted the need for robust legal safeguards. The Consumer Protection Act (Undang-Undang tentang Perlindungan Konsumen/UUPK) and the Electronic Information and Transactions Act (Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik/UU ITE) provide a normative framework, reinforced by constitutional guarantees under Article 28G of the 1945 Constitution. However, effective implementation depends on consistent enforcement, strict oversight, and increased public awareness. This study emphasizes the importance of strengthening cyber security standards, enhancing digital literacy, and fostering collaboration among government, businesses, and society to ensure a safe and fair e-commerce ecosystem. Protecting consumer rights is not only a legal obligation but also a strategic approach to sustaining trust and loyalty in the digital marketplace, ensuring that economic progress is accompanied by security, justice, and long-term sustainability.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Accountability
  topic: keywords
subject: Consumer Protection
  topic: keywords
subject: Cyber Security
  topic: keywords
subject: E-Commerce
  topic: keywords
subject: Regulation
  topic: keywords
creator: Ida Irawati
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 author(s)
date: 2022-12-30
publication date: 2022-12-30
starting page: 162
ending page: 180

The Role of Law in Inclusive Development and the Protection of Collective Rights
type: item
description: The role of law in promoting inclusive development and protecting collective rights has become increasingly significant in the era of globalization, where social, economic, and political complexities demand a more equitable governance framework. Law functions not only as a regulatory instrument but also as a mechanism for supervision, conflict resolution, and enforcement of justice to ensure the fair distribution of development benefits across all societal groups. An inclusive approach recognizes the diversity of interests in society, particularly those of vulnerable groups and minorities, by integrating human rights principles and social justice values into development policies. Protection of collective rights forms the cornerstone of social cohesion, enabling stronger community participation, political stability, and sustainable economic growth. Drawing on recent literature from the last five years, this study applies both normative and empirical analytical methods to examine the legal structures, policy frameworks, and practical outcomes that support inclusive development in various sectors. The analysis reveals that rights-based legal frameworks, strengthened institutional capacity, and participatory governance are essential for achieving meaningful inclusivity and safeguarding collective rights in national development agendas.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Collective Rights
  topic: keywords
subject: Inclusive Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Law Role
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Policy
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Justice
  topic: keywords
creator: Sujianto
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 author(s)
date: 2022-12-30
publication date: 2022-12-30
starting page: 144
ending page: 161

The Role of Legal Institutions in Supporting Public Welfare
type: item
description: This research examines in depth the essential role of legal institutions in realizing comprehensive public welfare. Public welfare, in this context, is understood not merely as the attainment of economic growth, but also as the embodiment of social justice, the protection and promotion of human rights, and the assurance of legal certainty for every citizen without discrimination. Legal institutions such as courts, law enforcement agencies including the police, prosecution offices, and administrative judicial bodies function as fundamental pillars in safeguarding the rule of law, providing fair and impartial dispute resolution, and preventing any misuse or abuse of authority. Employing a normative legal research methodology, the study systematically reviews legal literature, statutory regulations, and relevant case law to identify both the operational mechanisms and the specific contributions of these institutions. The findings demonstrate a strong correlation between institutional effectiveness and improvements in societal welfare, achieved through the enforcement of socio-economic rights and the creation of a stable, just environment conducive to sustainable development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Law Enforcement
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Institutions
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Welfare
  topic: keywords
subject: Rule of Law
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Justice
  topic: keywords
creator: Irma Indra Wahyuni
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 author(s)
date: 2022-12-30
publication date: 2022-12-30
starting page: 128
ending page: 143

Legal Protection for Vulnerable Groups Amidst the Socio-Economic Crisis
type: item
description: Socio-economic crises often significantly exacerbate the vulnerabilities faced by specific groups such as women, children, persons with disabilities, and impoverished communities. Legal protection is an essential instrument to guarantee and uphold their rights amidst periods of instability and uncertainty. This study utilizes a comprehensive literature review method to critically analyze policies, legal frameworks, and protection practices targeted at vulnerable groups within various national and international contexts. The findings reveal that the effectiveness of legal protection mechanisms is highly dependent on the degree of state commitment, institutional capacity, and active participation from civil society. These outcomes emphasize the urgent need to strengthen regulations grounded in human rights principles, improve oversight of policy implementation, and ensure inclusive access to justice for all vulnerable populations. Furthermore, the research advocates for enhanced cross-sectoral collaboration in crisis response strategies and the integration of vulnerable group protections within broader socio-economic policies. This study aims to provide valuable insights for policymakers, legal practitioners, and academics to develop a more responsive, equitable, and sustainable legal protection system.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Human Rights
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Protection
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Policy
  topic: keywords
subject: Socio-Economic Crisis
  topic: keywords
subject: Vulnerable Groups
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmad Redi
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 author(s)
date: 2022-12-30
publication date: 2022-12-30
starting page: 110
ending page: 127

The Role of Legal Institutions in Encouraging Social Innovation
type: item
description: Social innovation refers to the process of generating novel and effective solutions to address multidimensional and complex social challenges. Legal institutions play a strategic role not only in creating a conducive and predictable regulatory environment, but also in ensuring legal certainty, safeguarding public trust, and supporting the long-term sustainability of innovations initiated by diverse social actors, including government bodies, the private sector, academic institutions, and civil society organizations. This literature-based study seeks to identify, categorize, and analyze the specific contributions of legal institutions in fostering social innovation within Indonesia and in comparative international contexts. The review covers peer-reviewed national and international journal articles published in the last five years, with analytical emphasis on regulation, public policy, intellectual property rights protection, and cross-sector collaboration frameworks. The findings indicate that a proactive legal framework can accelerate innovation diffusion, enhance community engagement, and reinforce institutional capacity. The derived policy implications provide guidance for policymakers, scholars, and practitioners to maximize synergies between legal frameworks and social innovation initiatives.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Collaboration
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Institutions
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Policy
  topic: keywords
subject: Regulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Innovation
  topic: keywords
creator: Kuntadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 author(s)
date: 2022-12-30
publication date: 2022-12-30
starting page: 92
ending page: 109

Sustainable Governance in the Face of Global Challenges: Legal and Sustainable Development Perspectives
type: item
description: Sustainable governance is a strategic approach that integrates the principles of good governance with environmental, social, and economic sustainability. This research aims to analyze the role of sustainable governance in addressing global challenges, including the climate crisis, environmental degradation, socio-economic inequality, poverty, and environmental injustice. The method used is descriptive analysis with a normative juridical approach, utilizing legal literature, international documents, and related academic publications. The results show that sustainable governance enables cross-sectoral and cross-actor integration, encourages public participation, increases accountability, and supports the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In addition, sustainable governance helps reduce social inequality, empower vulnerable communities, and protect ecosystems. However, its implementation faces obstacles such as institutional capacity, political commitment, and socio-economic resistance. Thus, sustainable governance is not just a normative framework, but an important operational instrument to create inclusive, equitable, and sustainable development, as well as to face the complexity of 21st-century global challenges.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Environmental Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Global Challenges
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammad Faruk Hossain
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 author(s)
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 77
ending page: 96

Implementation of Green Constitution in Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development in Indonesia
type: item
description: This research aims to analyze the implementation of the Green Constitution in environmental protection and sustainable development in Indonesia. This concept is based on Article 28H paragraph (1) and Article 33 paragraph (4) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia which affirms the right to a good and healthy environment as well as the principle of environmentally sound development. This research uses a literature study method by examining primary legal sources such as the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Law Number 32 of 2009, as well as various related regulations, and examining secondary literature from scientific articles, books, and official reports. The results of the study show that although Indonesia already has a strong Green Constitution framework, its implementation still faces obstacles in the form of weak law enforcement, overlapping regulations, lack of supervisory capacity, resistance from industry players, and low public awareness. To optimize its implementation, it is necessary to harmonize policies across sectors, strengthen institutional capacity, increase green investment incentives, and widen community participation. With these steps, the Green Constitution can function as an effective instrument in maintaining a balance between economic progress, social justice, and environmental sustainability.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: 1945 Constitution
  topic: keywords
subject: Green Constitution
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental Protection
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Law Enforcement
  topic: keywords
creator: Hoiruddin Hasibuan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 author(s)
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 57
ending page: 76

Constitutional Right to Personal Data Protection in the Era of Internet of Everything (IoE)
type: item
description: The Internet of Everything (IoE) era brought a major transformation in connectivity, integrating humans, processes, data, and physical objects into an interconnected digital ecosystem. These developments, while offering efficiency and innovation, also pose serious challenges related to the protection of personal data as part of citizens' constitutional rights. This literature study aims to analyze the legal framework, technological developments, institutional capacity, and the level of digital literacy of the community in ensuring the protection of personal data in Indonesia. The results of the study show that although Law No. 27 of 2022 provides a strong legal basis, implementation challenges still arise in the form of technology costs, literacy gaps, and cross-sector and cross-border coordination. The application of technologies such as encryption, privacy by design, blockchain, and edge computing is considered to strengthen protection, but requires adaptive regulatory support and multi-stakeholder collaboration. This study recommends a holistic, sustainable, and public awareness-based approach to ensure that personal data protection remains guaranteed amid the acceleration of IoE.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Constitutional Rights
  topic: keywords
subject: Data Regulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Privacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Internet of Everything
  topic: keywords
subject: Personal Data Protection
  topic: keywords
creator: Siti Mariyam
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 author(s)
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 37
ending page: 56

The Role of Fintech in the Transformation of Digital Financial Services: Regulation and Challenges in Indonesia
type: item
description: Financial Technology (Fintech) represents an innovation in financial services that leverages digital technology to enhance efficiency, expand access, and strengthen financial inclusion. The development of Fintech in Indonesia has demonstrated significant growth, driven by the increasing demand for financial services that are fast, affordable, and easily accessible. Bank Indonesia (BI) and Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) play crucial roles in regulating the Fintech ecosystem to ensure that it operates within the principles of security, transparency, and legal compliance. According to BI, Fintech can be classified into several categories, namely payment systems, market aggregators, risk management and investment, as well as peer-to-peer (P2P) lending services. Although its potential is considerable, Fintech also poses various risks, including personal data protection issues, money laundering, terrorism financing, and regulatory uncertainty. Several relevant regulations, such as the Bank Indonesia Law, the Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE) Law, the Fund Transfer Law, and the Currency Law, have not yet fully kept pace with rapid technological progress. This study employs a literature review approach to analyze Indonesia’s Fintech development, identifying its potential, challenges, and the urgency of regulatory reform.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bank Indonesia
  topic: keywords
subject: Fintech
  topic: keywords
subject: Financial Inclusion
  topic: keywords
subject: OJK
  topic: keywords
subject: Regulation
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammad Belayet Hossain
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 author(s)
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 19
ending page: 36

Digital Transformation of Criminal Justice in Indonesia: Urgency and Challenges of Implementation
type: item
description: The Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0 have driven major transformations in various aspects of life, including the legal field. Indonesia, through its criminal procedure system which remains traditional as regulated in the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHAP/Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana) faces fundamental issues such as lengthy bureaucracy, corruption practices, delayed processes, and limited public access to justice. The modernization of criminal justice has become an urgent need to realize the principles of good governance that emphasize transparency, accountability, and efficiency. Digitalization efforts have been implemented through the application of e-court, e-litigation, virtual hearings, as well as the utilization of technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain, digital signatures, and electronic evidence management. This research employs a normative juridical method with a literature and statutory approach. The findings indicate that the digitalization of criminal justice brings significant benefits in terms of efficiency, transparency, and accessibility, but at the same time faces serious challenges including limited infrastructure, low digital literacy, and data security threats. Therefore, the strategy for developing digital justice must be integrated, adaptive, and ensure the protection of human rights.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Criminal Justice
  topic: keywords
subject: Digitalization
  topic: keywords
subject: E-Court
  topic: keywords
subject: Procedural Law
  topic: keywords
creator: Mansyur Bayu Saputra
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 author(s)
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 18

Criminal Policy in Countering Cybercrime Based on Quantum Computing
type: item
description: This study examines criminal policy in countering cybercrime in the era of quantum computing through a literature study method on 11 academic sources. Quantum computing poses a major threat to digital security, especially the ability to solve conventional cryptographic systems that have been the backbone of data protection. However, on the other hand, this technology opens up huge opportunities through the implementation of new security solutions such as Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC). This study found that criminal policy in the quantum era requires regulatory updates, integration of cutting-edge security technologies, strengthening international cooperation, and implementing anticipatory governance to anticipate the acceleration of technological development. Ethical aspects and human rights protection are important considerations so that quantum technology is not abused. This research recommends a multidisciplinary approach that combines technology, legal, and public policy perspectives to create a resilient, adaptive, and sustainable cybersecurity ecosystem in the face of the challenges of the quantum era.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Criminal Policy
  topic: keywords
subject: Cybercrime
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Security
  topic: keywords
subject: Post-Quantum Cryptography
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantum Computing
  topic: keywords
creator: Tofik Yanuar Chandra
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 author(s)
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 73
ending page: 89

Analysis of the Application of Restorative Justice in Gender-Based Violence in Indonesia
type: item
description: This study analyzes the application of Restorative Justice (RJ) to Gender-Based Violence (GBV) in Indonesia through a literature review of academic publications. The findings reveal that, although RJ is normatively included in law enforcement policies, there is no specific technical regulation governing its application to GBV cases. Key challenges affecting RJ’s effectiveness include imbalanced power relations, a deeply rooted patriarchal culture, and insufficient training for law enforcement and related apparatus. Despite these obstacles, the literature highlights RJ’s positive potential in supporting victim recovery and encouraging behavioral change in perpetrators. This potential, however, depends heavily on applying RJ with a victim-centered approach and strong victim protection mechanisms. The study concludes that RJ can serve as a valuable complementary alternative to the formal criminal justice system for handling child sexual abuse cases in Indonesia. Nevertheless, to ensure substantive justice for victims, RJ requires clear regulations, effective supervision, and coordinated support across multiple sectors. These measures are essential to maximize RJ’s benefits and address the unique complexities of GBV cases in the Indonesian context.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gender-Based Violence
  topic: keywords
subject: Indonesia
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Policy
  topic: keywords
subject: Restorative Justice
  topic: keywords
subject: Victim Protection
  topic: keywords
creator: Lusiana Margareth Tijow
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 author(s)
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 53
ending page: 72

Integration of Public Policy in Indonesian Legal Politics: A Sustainable Democracy Perspective
type: item
description: Public policy has a strategic role in legal politics as an instrument to achieve state goals through the making and implementation of rules that are in harmony with the needs of the community. In Indonesia, the journey of public policy since independence reflects the dynamics of political and legal dynamics influenced by changes in the system of government, global challenges, and internal demands for justice and participation. The principles of sustainable democracy offer an approach that combines democratic values with environmental, social, and economic sustainability, so that legal policy not only focuses on political procedures, but also considers long-term impacts. This study uses a literature review method to analyze the development of public policy and the application of the principle of sustainable democracy in Indonesian legal politics. The results of the analysis show that the integration of these two concepts can strengthen state governance that is accountable, inclusive, and adaptive to change. Challenges such as legal complexity, access to justice gaps, and harmonization of international norms require comprehensive strategies that involve building institutional capacity and meaningful public participation. This study contributes to understanding and strengthening the relationship between public policy, legal politics, and sustainable democracy in Indonesia.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Indonesia
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Politics
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Policy
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Democracy
  topic: keywords
creator: Aris Yulia
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Law and Social Development
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 35
ending page: 52

Economic Inequality as a Human Rights Violation: An International Perspective Analysis
type: item
description: Economic inequality, both between countries and within countries, is the main challenge for the fulfillment of Human Rights (Hak Asasi Manusia/HAM) in the era of globalization. This article analyzes the relationship between economic inequality and human rights violations through a literature review approach, with reference to international human rights instruments such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). The results show that global inequality is largely caused by international economic structures that benefit developed countries, while domestic inequality is exacerbated by unfair fiscal policies, discrimination, and weak governance. These findings underscore the need for structural reforms at the global level, institutional capacity building at the national level, and strengthening legal protections for vulnerable groups. International efforts such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are considered positive, but their effectiveness is still limited. Therefore, a holistic, sustainable, and social justice-based solution is needed to address economic inequality as a human rights issue, so that every individual can enjoy basic rights equally.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Economic Inequality
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Rights
  topic: keywords
subject: International Perspective
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Justice
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Development Goals
  topic: keywords
creator: Sobandi Sobandi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 author(s)
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 19
ending page: 34

Digital Governance in Indonesia: Benefits, Challenges, and Strengthening Strategies in Realizing Good Governance
type: item
description: The development of digital governance or digital-based governance has become the main focus of bureaucratic transformation in various countries, including Indonesia. This study analyzes the implementation of digital governance in Indonesia using the literature review method, reviewing the benefits, challenges, and strengthening strategies implemented. The results of the study show that digital governance can improve bureaucratic efficiency, government transparency, and public participation. However, its implementation faces various obstacles, such as gaps in technology infrastructure between regions, low digital literacy of people and government apparatus, and cyber security threats. The strengthening strategies needed include improving infrastructure, digital literacy, data security, and cross-sector collaboration between the government, the community, and the private sector. The integrated implementation of these strategies is expected to strengthen the implementation of inclusive, accountable, and responsive governance. This research emphasizes that digital governance is not just a technological modernization, but a comprehensive transformation that involves innovation, regulation, and public participation to realize the principles of good governance in the digital era.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Community Participation
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: E-Government
  topic: keywords
subject: Good Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Transparency
  topic: keywords
creator: Hendri Jayadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 author(s)
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 18