Integrating Climate Education in Kurikulum Merdeka: Multidisciplinary and Digital Approaches for Climate Literacy

Abstract

Climate change represents a global challenge that requires complementary strategies of mitigation and adaptation. Mitigation focuses on efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, while adaptation emphasizes adjustments to unavoidable impacts. Within this context, climate literacy emerges as a crucial long-term strategy to foster awareness and strengthen the capacity of societies, particularly younger generations, in addressing environmental dynamics. Education plays a vital role in embedding climate literacy through curriculum integration, contextual learning, and cross-disciplinary approaches. In Indonesia, the Kurikulum Merdeka provides flexible opportunities through local content and the Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5), enabling concrete environmental actions such as school-based waste banks and greening initiatives. Moreover, advances in digital technology enrich pedagogical practices, including the use of the EzGCM climate simulation model and mobile learning enhanced by gamification. This article aims to explore the potential of multidisciplinary and technology-based climate education in fostering transformative climate literacy, using a literature review as the primary methodological framework