Integration of ESD, 21st Century Competencies, and Technology in Islamic Education for Environmental Awareness

Abstract

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) plays a strategic role in shaping a generation that is environmentally conscious, critically thinking, and equipped with social-emotional competencies. This article explores the implementation of ESD within the context of Islamic education, emphasizing the integration of 21st-century competencies, the utilization of technology, and experience-based learning methods. Environmental awareness and pro-environmental behavior are expected to improve through a holistic and pluralistic approach, which emphasizes not only declarative knowledge but also procedural, social, and affective dimensions of learning. A qualitative method was employed to analyze both literature and pedagogical practices, assessing the effectiveness of ESD approaches in developing students’ character, social-ecological skills, and global competencies. Findings indicate that integrating technology, hands-on learning, and environmental negotiation simulations significantly enhances students’ critical thinking, collaborative abilities, and environmental consciousness. The study underscores the necessity of transforming Islamic education toward ESD to produce change agents capable of addressing global challenges sustainably.