Generation Z’s Science Literacy in the Digital Age: Facing Challenges and Driving Innovation

Abstract

Science literacy is a crucial 21st-century skill that enables individuals to think critically, analytically, and creatively when addressing everyday problems and global changes. Generation Z, born between 1997 and 2012, has grown up as digital natives with intensive exposure to information technology and social media. However, their familiarity with technology does not necessarily guarantee deep scientific understanding. Many students still struggle to explain scientific phenomena logically and to apply scientific concepts in evidence-based decision-making. This literature review highlights the challenges of science literacy among Generation Z, including gaps in scientific comprehension, the influence of digital media, and variations in skill levels. Various educational innovations, such as technology-based discovery learning and the integration of augmented reality, provide significant opportunities to enhance student engagement and motivation. This article emphasizes the importance of educational strategies that align the characteristics of Generation Z with science-based technological approaches to optimize science literacy in the digital era.